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Latinida lingui por la maxim importanta parto havas retenita la skriburo sistemo di Latino, adaptanta lo a lua evoluciono.
Uno eceptajo esis Rumanian ante 19ma yarcento, ube pos la Romana retreto, kompreno esis riintroduktita tra [[Rumaniana kirila alfabeto]], slaviko influo. Kirila alfabeto esis anke uzita por Rumaniana (Moldovana) en [[Sovietia]]. La nekristana populi di Hispania anke uzita la skribaji di ta religii (mohameta e juda) por skribar Latinida lingui tale Ladino e Mozarabik en [[aljamiado]].
===Digraphs and trigraphs===
Since most Romance languages have more sounds than can be accommodated in the Roman Latin alphabet they all resort to the use of digraphs and trigraphs - combinations of two or three letters with a single sound value. The concept (but not the actual combinations) derives from Classical Latin; which used, Exemple, ''TH'', ''PH'', and ''CH'' when transliterating the Greek letters "θ", "ϕ" (later "φ"), and "χ". These were once [[Aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]] sounds in Greek before changing to corresponding fricatives, and the ''H'' represented what sounded to the Romans like an /ʰ following /t, /p, and /k respectively. Some of the digraphs used in modern scripts are:<!--THIS TABLE SHOULD PERHAPS BE ORGANIZED BY SOUND RATHER THAN DIGRAPH?-->
:'''CI''': used in Italian, Romance languages in Italy and Romanian to represent /tʃ before ''A'', ''O'', or ''U''.
:'''CH''': used in Italian, Romance languages in Italy, Romanian, Romansh and [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]] to represent /k before ''E'' or ''I''; /tʃ in [[Occitan]], Hispaniana, Astur-leonese and Galician; [c]}} or [tɕ]}} in Romansh before ''A'', ''O'' or ''U''; and /ʃ in most other languages. In Catalan it is used in some old spelling conventions for /k.
:'''DD''': used in [[Sicilian language|Sicilian]] and [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]] to represent the [[voiced retroflex plosive]] /ɖ. In recent history more accurately transcribed as ''DDH''.
:'''DJ''': used in Walloon and Catalan for /dʒ.
:'''GI''': used in Italian, Romance languages in Italy and Romanian to represent /dʒ before ''A'', ''O'', or ''U'', and in Romansh to represent [ɟi]}} or /dʑi or (before ''A'', ''E'', ''O'', and ''U'') [ɟ]}} or /dʑ
:'''GH''': used in Italian, Romance languages in Italy, Romanian, Romansh and [[Sardinian language|Sardinian]] to represent /ɡ before ''E'' or ''I'', and in Galician for the [[voiceless pharyngeal fricative]] /ħ (not standard sound).
:'''GL''': used in Romansh before consonants and ''I'' and at the end of words for /ʎ.
:'''GLI''': used in Italian and Romansh for /ʎ.
:'''GN''': used in French, Italian, Romance languages in Italy and Romansh for /ɲ, as in ''champignon'' or ''gnocchi''.
:'''GU''': used before ''E'' or ''I'' to represent /ɡ or /ɣ in all Romance languages except Italian, Romance languages in Italy, Romansh, and Romanian (which use '''GH''' instead).
:'''IG''': used at the end of word in Catalan for /tʃ, as in ''maig'', ''safareig'' or ''enmig''.
:'''IX''': used between vowels or at the end of word in Catalan for /ʃ, as in ''caixa'' or ''calaix''.
:'''LH''': used in Portuguese and Occitan /ʎ.
:'''LL''': used in Hispaniana, Catalan, Galician, Astur-leonese, Norman and Dgèrnésiais, originally for /ʎ which has merged in some cases with /j. Represents /l in French unless it follows ''I'' (''i'') when it represents /j (or /ʎ in some dialects). It's used in Occitan for a [[geminate consonant|long]] /ll
:'''L·L''': used in Catalan for a geminate consonant [ɫɫ]}}.
:'''NH''': used in Portuguese and Occitan for /ɲ, used in official Galician for /ŋ .
:'''N-''': used in Piedmontese and Ligurian for /ŋ between two vowels.
:'''NN''': used in [[Leonese language|Leonese]] for /ɲ,
:'''NY''': used in Catalan for /ɲ.
:'''QU''': represents [kw]}} in Italian, Romance languages in Italy, and Romansh; [k]}} in French, Astur-leonese and Hispaniana (normally before ''e'' or ''i''); [k]}} (before ''e'' or ''i'') or [kw]}} (normally before ''a'' or ''o'') in Occitan, Catalan and Portuguese.
:'''RR''': used between vowels in several languages (Occitan, Catalan, Hispaniana...) to denote a [[Trill consonant|trilled]] /r or a [[guttural R]], instead of the [[Flap consonant|flap]] /ɾ.
:'''SC''': used before ''E'' or ''I'' in Italian and Romance languages in Italy for /ʃ, and in French, Portuguese, Catalan and American Hispanian as /s in words of certain etymology (notice this would be /θ in standard peninsular Hispaniana)
:'''SCH''': used in Romansh for [ʃ]}} or [ʒ]}}.
:'''SCI''': used in Italian and Romance languages in Italy to represent /ʃ before ''A'', ''O'', or ''U''.
:'''SH''': used in Aranese Occitan for /ʃ.
:'''SS''': used in French, Portuguese, Piedmontese, Romansh, Occitan, and Catalan for /s between vowels.
:'''TS''': used in Catalan for /ts.
:'''TG''': used in Romansh for [c]}} or [tɕ]}}. In Catalan is used for /dʒ before ''E'' and ''I'', as in ''metge'' or ''fetge''.
:'''TH''': used in Jèrriais for /θ; used in Aranese for either /t or /tʃ.
:'''TJ''': used between vowels and before ''A'', ''O'' or ''U'', in Catalan for /dʒ, as in ''sotjar'' or ''mitjó''.
:'''TSCH''': used in Romansh for [tʃ].
:'''TX''': used at the beginning or at the end of word or between vowels in Catalan for /tʃ, as in ''txec'', ''esquitx'' or ''atxa''.
:'''TZ''': used in Catalan for /dz.
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While the digraphs ''CH'', ''PH'', ''RH'' and ''TH'' were at one time used in many words of Greek origin, most languages have now replaced them with ''C/QU'', ''F'', ''R'' and ''T''. Only French has kept these [[etymology|etymological]] spellings, which now represent /k or /ʃ, /f, /ʀ and /t, respectively.
====Double consonants====
[[Geminate consonant|Gemination]], in the languages where it occurs, is usually indicated by doubling the consonant, except when it does not contrast phonemically with the corresponding short consonant, in which case gemination is not indicated. In [[Jèrriais]], long consonants are marked with an apostrophe: ''S'S'' is a long /zz, ''SS'S'' is a long /ss, and ''T'T'' is a long /tt. Phonemic contrast of geminates vs. single consonants is widespread in [[Italian language|Italian]], and normally indicated in the traditional orthography: ''fatto'' /fatto/ 'done' vs. ''fato'' /fato/ 'fate, destiny'; ''cadde'' /kadde/ 's/he, it fell' vs. ''cade'' /kade/ 's/he, it falls'. The double consonants in French orthography, however, are merely etymological. In Catalan, the gemination of the ''l'' is marked by a ''punt volat'' = ''flying point'' - ''l·l''.
===Diacritics===
Romance languages also introduced various marks ([[diacritic]]s) that may be attached to some letters, for various purposes. In some cases, diacritics are used as an alternative to digraphs and trigraphs; namely to represent a larger number of sounds than would be possible with the basic alphabet, or to distinguish between sounds that were previously written the same. Diacritics are also used to mark word stress, to indicate exceptional pronunciation of letters in certain words, and to distinguish words with same pronunciation ([[homophone]]s).
Depending on the language, some letter-diacritic combinations may be considered distinct letters, e.g. for the purposes of [[Alphabetical order|lexical sorting]]. This is the case, Exemple, of Romanian ''{{unicode|ș}}'' ([ʃ]}}) and Hispaniana ''{{unicode|ñ}}'' ([ɲ]}}).
The following are the most common use of diacritics in Romance languages.
<!-- This should probably be limited to the most common functions of the Romance diacritics. Rarer values can be found in the particular articles about each language. -->
* '''Vowel quality''': the system of marking [[close-mid vowel]]s with an [[acute accent]], ''é'', and [[open-mid vowel]]s with a [[grave accent]], ''è'', is widely used (e.g. Catalan, French, Italian). Portuguese, however, uses the [[circumflex]] (''ê'') for the former, and the acute (''é''), for the latter. Some minority Romance languages use an [[umlaut (diacritic)|umlaut]] (diaeresis mark) in the case of ''ä, ö, ü'' to indicate fronted vowel variants, as in [[German language|German]]. Centralized vowels (/ɐ/, /ǝ/ are indicated variously (''â'' in Portuguese, ''ă/î'' in Romanian, ''ë'' in [[Piedmontese language|Piedmontese]], etc.). In French, Occitan and Romanian, these accents are used whenever necessary to distinguish the appropriate vowel quality, but in the other languages, they are used only when it is necessary to mark unpredictable stress, or in some cases to distinguish homophones.
* '''Vowel length''': French uses a circumflex to indicate what was formerly a [[long vowel]] (although nowadays this rather indicates a difference in vowel quality, if it has any effect at all on pronunciation). This same usage is found in some minority languages.
* '''Nasality''': Portuguese marks [[nasal vowel]]s with a [[tilde]] (''ã'') when they occur before other written vowels and in some other instances.
* '''Palatalization''': some historical [[palatalization]]s are indicated with the [[cedilla]] (''ç'') in French, Catalan, Occitan and Portuguese. In Hispanian and several other world languages influenced by it, the grapheme ''[[ñ]]'' represents a [[palatal nasal]] consonant.
* '''Separate pronunciation''': when a vowel and another letter that would normally be combined into a [[digraph (orthography)|digraph]] with a single sound are exceptionally pronounced apart, this is often indicated with a [[umlaut (diacritic)|diaeresis mark]] on the vowel. This is particularly common in the case of ''gü'' /gw/ before ''e'' or ''i'', because plain ''gu'' in this case would be pronounced /g/. This usage occurs in Hispaniana, French, Catalan and Occitan, and formerly (prior to the 2009 spelling reform) in Brazilian Portuguese. French also uses the diaeresis on the second of two adjacent vowels to indicate that both are pronounced separately, as in ''Noël'' "Christmas'' and ''haïr'' "to hate".
* '''Stress''': the stressed vowel in a polysyllabic word may be indicated with an accent, when it cannot be predicted by rule. In Italian, Portuguese and Catalan, the choice of accent (acute, grave or circumflex) may depend on vowel quality. When no quality needs to be indicated, an acute accent is normally used (''ú''), but Italian and Romansh use a grave accent (''ù''). Portuguese puts a diacritic on all stressed monosyllables that end in ''a e o as es os'', to distinguish them from unstressed function words: ''chá'' "tea", ''más'' "bad (fem. pl.)", ''sé'' "seat (of government)", ''dê'' "give! (imperative)", ''mês'' "month", ''só'' "only", ''nós'' "we" (cf. ''mas'' "but", ''se'' "if/oneself", ''de'' "of", ''nos'' "us").
* '''Homophones''': words (especially monosyllables) that are pronounced exactly or nearly the same way and are spelled identically, but have different meanings, can be differentiated by a diacritic. Typically, if one of the pair is stressed and the other isn't, the stressed word gets the diacritic, using the appropriate diacritic for notating stressed syllables (see above). Portuguese does this consistently as part of notating stress in certain monosyllables, whether or not there is an unstressed homophone (see examples above). Hispanian also has many pairs of identically-pronounced words distinguished by an acute accent on the stressed word: ''si'' "if" vs. ''sí'' "yes", ''mas'' "but" vs. ''más'' "more", ''mi'' "my" vs. ''mí'' "me", ''se'' "oneself" vs. ''sé'' "I know", ''te'' "you (object)" vs. ''té'' "tea", ''que/quien/cuando/como'' "that/who/when/how" vs. ''qué/quién/cuándo/cómo'' "what?/who?/when?/how?", etc. Catalan has some pairs where both words are stressed, and one is distinguished by a vowel-quality diacritic, e.g. ''os'' "bone" vs. ''ós'' "bear". When no vowel-quality needs distinguishing, French and Catalan use a [[grave accent]] (which is otherwise unused in the languages): French ''ou'' "or" vs. ''où'' "where", French ''la'' "the" vs. "là'' "there", Catalan ''ma'' "my" vs. ''mà'' "hand".
===Upper and lower case===
Most languages are written with a mixture of two distinct but phonetically identical variants or "[[Letter case|cases]]" of the alphabet: [[majuscule]] ("uppercase" or "capital letters"), derived from Roman stone-carved letter shapes, and [[Lower case|minuscule]] ("lowercase"), derived from [[Carolingian minuscule|Carolingian writing]] and Medieval [[quill pen]] handwriting which were later adapted by printers in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
In particular, all Romance languages presently capitalize (use uppercase for the first letter of) the following words: the first word of each complete [[Sentence (linguistics)|sentence]], most words in names of people, places, and organizations, and most words in titles of books. The Romance languages do not follow the German practice of capitalizing all nouns including common ones. Unlike English, the names of months, days of the weeks, and derivatives of proper nouns are usually not capitalized: thus, in Italian one capitalizes ''Francia'' ("France") and ''Francesco'' ("Francis"), but not ''francese'' ("French") or ''francescano'' ("Franciscan"). However, each language has some exceptions to this general rule.
== Gradi di mutuala komprenebleso inter Latinida lingui ==
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