Latinida linguo: Diferi inter la revizi

Concomitant with the loss of cases, freedom of word order was greatly reduced. Classical Latin had a generally verb-final (SOV) but overall quite free word order, with a significant amount of [[scrambling (syntax)|word scrambling]] and mixing of [[left-branching]] and [[right-branching]] constructions. The Romance languages eliminated word scrambling and nearly all left-branching constructions, with most languages developing a rigid SVO, right-branching syntax. ([[Old French]], however, had a freer word order due to the two-case system still present, as well as a predominantly [[V2 word order|verb-second word order]] developed under the influence of the [[Germanic languages]].)

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Ula libereso, quamkan, permesesas en la lokado di adjektivi relative a lia ''head noun''. Pluse, ula lingui (exemple Hispaniana o Rumaniana) havas "akuzativa prepoziciono" (Rumaniana ''pe'', Hispaniana "personal ''a''") apud ''clitic doubling'', quo permesas ula libereso en ordinado di ''arguments of a verb''.

 

Latinida lingui developis gramatikal artikkli ube Latino ne havis. Articles are often introduced around the time a robust case system falls apart in order to disambiguate the remaining case markers (which are usually too ambiguous by themselves) and to serve as parsing clues that signal the presence of a noun (a function formerly served by the case endings themselves).

 

This was the pattern followed by the Romance languages: In the Romance languages that still preserved a functioning nominal case system (e.g. Romanian and Old French), only the combination of article and case ending serves to uniquely identify number and case (compare the similar situation in modern [[German language|German]]). All Romance languages have a definite article (originally developed from ''ipse'' "self" but replaced in nearly all languages by ''ille'' "that (over there)") and an indefinite article (developed from ''ūnus'' "one"). Many also have a [[partitive article]] (''dē'' "of" + definite article).

 

Latin had a large number of syntactic constructions expressed through infinitives, participles, and similar nominal constructs. Examples are the [[ablative absolute]], the accusative-plus-infinitive construction used for [[reported speech]], [[gerundive]] constructions, and the common use of [[reduced relative clause]]s expressed through participles. All of these are replaced in the Romance languages by subordinate clauses expressed with finite verbs, making the Romance languages much more "verbal" and less "nominal" than Latin. Under the influence of the [[Balkan sprachbund]], Romanian has progressed the furthest, largely eliminating the infinitive. (It is currently being revived, however, due to the increasing influence of other Romance languages.)

 

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