Latinida linguo: Diferi inter la revizi
Kontenajo efacita Kontenajo adjuntita
Lineo 134:
La kazala
<!------ Romanian is the only modern Romance language with case marking on nouns, with a two-way opposition between nominative/accusative and genitive/dative. Some of the older [[Gallo-Romance languages]] (in particular, [[Old French]], [[Old Occitan]], [[Sursilvan dialects (Romansh)|Old Sursilvan]] and [[Friulian language|Old Friulian]], and in traces [[Catalan language|Old Catalan]] and [[Venetan language|Old Venetan]]) had an opposition between nominative and general oblique, and in Ibero-Romance languages, such as Hispaniana and Portuguese, as well as in Italian (see under [[#Case|Case]]), a couple of examples are found which preserve the old nominative (though some of them may be influenced by Latin) and indicate that they formerly had this opposition, as well.<!-- Isn't the name Hispaniana/Portuguese ''Carlos'', Catalan ''Carles'', French ''Charles'' a good example which preserves the old nominative form until the present day? --> The system of multiple noun declensions was also dramatically reduced; most modern languages have only three types (masculine ''-o'', feminine ''-a'', and an ''-e'' that can be either gender). As in English, case is preserved better on pronouns than elsewhere, with some pronouns marked for as many as four cases (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive) plus additional possessive and [[disjunctive pronoun|disjunctive]] forms.
Concomitant with the loss of cases, freedom of word order was greatly reduced. Classical Latin had a generally verb-final (SOV) but overall quite free word order, with a significant amount of [[scrambling (syntax)|word scrambling]] and mixing of [[left-branching]] and [[right-branching]] constructions. The Romance languages eliminated word scrambling and nearly all left-branching constructions, with most languages developing a rigid SVO, right-branching syntax. ([[Old French]], however, had a freer word order due to the two-case system still present, as well as a predominantly [[V2 word order|verb-second word order]] developed under the influence of the [[Germanic languages]].)
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Ula libereso, quamkan, permesesas en la lokado di adjektivi relative a lia ''head noun''. Pluse, ula lingui (exemple Hispaniana o Rumaniana) havas "akuzativa prepoziciono" (Rumaniana ''pe'', Hispaniana "personal ''a''") apud ''clitic doubling'', quo permesas ula libereso en ordinado di ''arguments of a verb''.
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