Latinida linguo: Diferi inter la revizi

Kontenajo efacita Kontenajo adjuntita
kelka korektigi
Nula rezumo di redakto
Lineo 52:
 
==== Ek klasika Latina a vulgara Latina ====
Tra longa proceso qua komencis longatempe ante nun ed en diferanta epoki segun la regiono (precipue pos la 4ma yarcento, e kontinuisduris til la 10ma yarcento), dil renkontro tra la Latina difuzita da la Romani en politikala, kulturala ed etnala nivelo (to esas, la rezulto dil migrado dil koloniisti di lingua Latina o latinigita) kun la diversa lingui uzita per populacioni dil Roman imperio, precipue en ocidentala parto, developesis to quo esos la lingui qui esos denifita kom Latinida.
 
Komence la Latina linguo parolita da la Romana funcioneri, dal soldati e dal komercisti qui vivis en certa provinco, recevis influi de la lingui (precipue la Kelta lingui) parolita en la regiono dal ndijena habitantaro. Latina parolita per ta Romani, sive de regionala perspektivo (to esas, dil provinco di origino, sive ne-evitabla diferenci di acento e vorti, derivita dil proceso di latinigado plu o min intensa di ta provinco) kam de kulturala perspektivo (la soldati ne parolis kulta linguo kom la funcionari dil stato). Tala kontamino ne esis decisiva nam l’Imperio restis unionita kom politikala uniono pro la granda kulturala influo pro la granda kulturala influo: la pruvo esas la transvivo di poka Keltida vorti en la Latinida lingui.
Lineo 277:
 
Hispanian also has vestiges of the neuter in two demonstrative adjectives: ''eso'', ''aquello'' (both meaning "that [one]"), the pronoun ''ello'' (meaning "it") and the article ''lo'' (used to intensify adjectives).
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===Verbala morfologio===
{{PA|Latinida verbi}}
Lineo 340:
* Note that, although these ''categories'' are largely inherited from Classical Latin, many of the ''forms'' are either newly constructed or inherited from different categories (e.g. the Romance imperfect subjunctive most commonly derives from the Latin pluperfect subjunctive, while the Romance pluperfect subjunctive derives from a new [[present perfect]] tense with the auxiliary verb placed in the imperfect subjunctive).
 
Several tenses and aspects, especiallyspecially of the indicative mood, have been preserved with little change in most languages, as shown in the following table for the Latin verb ''dīcere'' (to say), and its descendants.
 
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Linio 444 ⟶ 445:
* Owing to sound changes which made it [[homonym|homophonous]] with the preterite, the Latin future indicative tense was dropped, and replaced with a periphrasis of the form [[infinitive]] + present tense of ''habēre'' (to have). Eventually, this structure was [[grammaticalisation|reanalysed]] as a new [[future tense]].
* In a similar process, an entirely new [[Conditional mood#Romance languages|conditional form]] was created.
* While the synthetic [[grammatical voice|passive voice]] of classical Latin was abandoned in favour of [[periphrasis|periphrastic]] constructions, most of the active voice remained in use. However, several tenses have changed meaning, especiallyspecially subjunctives. Exemple:
** The Latin pluperfect indicative became a [[conditional mood|conditional]] in Sicilian, and an imperfect [[subjunctive mood|subjunctive]] in Hispana.
** The Latin pluperfect subjunctive developed into an imperfect subjunctive in all languages except [[Romansh language|Romansh]], where it became a conditional, and Romanian, where it became a [[pluperfect|pluperfect indicative]].
Linio 477 ⟶ 478:
La Franca e l'Okcitana havas multa vorti ek Germana lingui. Anke la Kataluniana e la Hispana havas Germana vorti ek la Gotiana en la kazo di ambi, ed anke ek la Franka en la kazo dil Kataluniana.
 
En la Hispana la superstrakto plu grava esas l'Arabiana: ek ta linguo provenas 4000 paroli, inter li toponimi ed kompozata vorti. La maxim gravaimportanta karakteristiko esas la manteno quasi sistematikala di Arabian artiklo en la parolo, quankam en altra Latinida lingui qui prenis la sama parolo perdis lo. Tale eventas kun la Hispana vorto ''algodón'', ''cotó'' en la Kataluniana ed ''coton'' en l'Okcitana, qua provenas el l'Arabiana ''al quṭun''.
 
Fine, la Rumana prenis la vokativo dil Slava lingui, ula vorti ed procesi di palatalizado nesama en altra Latinida lingui.
 
On povas donacar hike la rezulti di studio da M. Pei ye 1949, quon komparas grado di evoluciono di plura lingui rispekto al matrala linguo; por la maxim gravaimportanta Latinida lingui, si nun konsideresas tonikala vokali, obtenas, rispekto al Latina, ta koeficenti di evoluciono:
 
* [[Sardiniana linguo|Sardiniana]]: 8 %;
Linio 903 ⟶ 904:
{{Indo-Europana linguaro}}
 
[[Kategorio:Latinida lingui| *]]