Latinida linguo: Diferi inter la revizi

Kontenajo efacita Kontenajo adjuntita
Katxis (diskutez | kontributadi)
Katxis (diskutez | kontributadi)
Lineo 153:
Latin had a large number of syntactic constructions expressed through infinitives, participles, and similar nominal constructs. Examples are the [[ablative absolute]], the accusative-plus-infinitive construction used for [[reported speech]], [[gerundive]] constructions, and the common use of [[reduced relative clause]]s expressed through participles. All of these are replaced in the Romance languages by subordinate clauses expressed with finite verbs, making the Romance languages much more "verbal" and less "nominal" than Latin. Under the influence of the [[Balkan sprachbund]], Romanian has progressed the furthest, largely eliminating the infinitive. (It is currently being revived, however, due to the increasing influence of other Romance languages.)
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==== Altra chanji ====
*Loss of phonemic [[vowel length]], and change into a free-stressed language. Classical Latin had an automatically determined stress on the second or third syllable from the end, conditioned by vowel length; once vowel length was neutralized, stress was no longer predictable so long as it remained where it was (which it mostly did).
*Development of a series of palatal consonants as a result of [[palatalization]].
*Loss of most traces of the neuter gender.
*Development of a series of analytic [[perfect tense]]s, comparable to English "I have done, I had done, I will have done".
*Loss of the Latin synthetic passive voice, replaced by an analytic construction comparable to English "it is/was done".
*Loss of [[deponent verb]]s, replaced by active-voice verbs.
*Replacement of the Latin future tense with a new tense formed (usually) by a [[periphrasis]] of infinitive + present tense of ''habēre'' "have", which usually contracts into a new synthetic tense. A corresponding [[conditional tense]] is formed in the same way but using one of the past-tense forms of ''habēre''.
*Numerous lexical changes. A number of words were borrowed from the [[Germanic languages]] and [[Celtic languages]]. Many basic nouns and verbs, especially those that were short and/or had irregular morphology, were replaced by longer derived forms with regular morphology. Throughout the medieval period, words were borrowed from Classical Latin in their original form (''learned words'') or in something approaching the original form (''semi-learned words''), often replacing the popular forms of the same words.
 
== Linguistikala traiti ==