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*In Catalan, final unstressed /as/ > /es/.
*In Portuguese, final unstressed /o/ and /u/ were apparently preserved intact for a while, since final unstressed /u/, but not /o/ or /os/, triggered [[metaphony]] (see above). Final-syllable unstressed /o/ was raised in preliterary times to /u/, but always still written ⟨o⟩. At some point (perhaps in late [[Old Portuguese]]), final-syllable unstressed /e/ was raised to /i/ (but still written ⟨e⟩); this remains in [[Brazilian Portuguese]], but has developed to {{IPA|/ɨ/}} in [[European Portuguese]].
=====Intertonic vowels=====
The so-called ''intertonic vowels'' are those unstressed vowels not either initial or final, i.e. those vowels that are between the initial or final syllable and the ''tonic'' (i.e. stressed) syllable, hence intertonic. Intertonic vowels were the most subject to loss or modification. Already in Vulgar Latin, intertonic vowels between a single consonant and a following /r/ or /l/ tended to drop: ''vetulum'' "old" > ''veclum'' > Italian ''vecchio'', French ''vieil'', Spanish ''viejo'', Portuguese ''velho''. But many languages ultimately dropped almost all intertonic vowels.
Generally, those languages south and east of the [[La Spezia-Rimini line]] (Romanian and Central-Southern Italian) maintained intertonic vowels, while those to the north and west (Western Romance) dropped all except /a/. Standard Italian generally maintained intertonic vowels, but typically raised unstressed /e/ > /i/. Examples:
*''septimānam'' "week" > Italian ''settimana'', Romanian ''săptămână'' but Spanish/Portuguese ''semana'', French ''semaine'', Catalan ''setmana''
*''quattuordecim'' "fourteen" > Italian ''quattordici'', but Spanish ''catorce'', Portuguese/French ''quatorze''
* *''metipsimum'' > *''medisimum'' > Italian ''medesimo'' but Spanish ''mismo'', Portuguese ''mesmo'', Old French ''meḍesme'' > French ''même''
* *''bonitātem'' > Italian ''bonità'' or ''bontà'', Romanian ''bunătate'' but Spanish ''bondad'', Portuguese ''bondade'', Old French ''bonté''
*''collocāre'' "to place" > Spanish ''colgar'' "to hang", French ''coucher'' "to lie (down), sleep"
*''commūnicāre'' "to take communion" > Romanian ''cuminecare'' but Portuguese ''comungar'', Spanish ''comulgar'', Old French ''comungier''
*''carricāre'' "to carry (in a chariot)" > Spanish ''cargar'' "to load", French ''charger'' "to load"
*''fabricam'' "forge" > {{IPA|/*fawrɡa/}} > Spanish ''fragua'', Portuguese ''forjar/fabricar'', French ''forge''
*''disjējūnāre'' "to breakfast" > Old French ''disner'' > French ''dîner'' "to dine" (but ''disjējūnat'' > Old French ''desjune'' "he dines" > French ''(il) déjeune'' "he eats lunch")
*''adjūtāre'' "to help" > Italian ''aiutare'', Romanian ''ajuta'' but French ''aider'' (Spanish ''ayudar'', Portuguese ''ajudar'' based on stressed forms, e.g. ''ayuda/ajuda'' "he helps"; cf. Old French ''aidier'' "to help" vs. ''aiue'' "he helps")
Portuguese is more conservative in maintaining some intertonic vowels other than /a/: e.g. *''offerēscere'' "to offer" > Portuguese ''oferecer'' vs. Spanish ''ofrecer'', French ''offrir'' (< *''offerīre''); ''-ābilem'' > Italian ''-evole'', Portuguese ''-ável'' vs. Spanish/French ''-able''. French, on the other hand, drops even intertonic /a/ after the stress: ''stephanum'' > Spanish ''Estévan'' but Old French ''Estievne'' > French ''Étienne''. Many cases of /a/ before the stress also ultimately dropped in French: ''sacramentum'' "sacrament" > Old French ''sairement'' > French ''serment'' "oath".
==== Morfo-sintaxala chanji ====
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